Lebanon's Sovereignty Trapped Between Rival Diplomatic Tracks

Lebanon stands at a dangerous crossroads, caught between an Iranian-American understanding that conditions peace on Israeli withdrawal and a Western-backed framework that critics say trades national sovereignty for security guarantees benefiting Tel Aviv. As Israeli forces continue to occupy southern Lebanon and civilian casualties mount, the competing diplomatic tracks have exposed deep fault lines in Beirut and raised fundamental questions about whether any external agreement can restore the territorial integrity that foreign occupation has stripped away.

What Did the Iran-US Islamabad MoU Propose for Lebanon?

Iranian Parliament Speaker Mohammad Bagher Ghalibaf told Lebanese Parliament Speaker Nabih Berri on Sunday that last week's Swiss negotiations centered on three objectives: ending Israel's war on Lebanon, restoring Lebanese sovereignty, and securing the withdrawal of Israeli forces from occupied Lebanese territory. Ghalibaf emphasized that the Lebanon file constituted